1873年恐慌
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1873年恐慌（英語：Panic of 1873）是触发了1873年至1877年或1879年欧洲和北美经济萧条，即長蕭條的金融危机。恐慌最初来自奥匈帝国维也纳，后扩散至欧美地区。
各地狀況
]英屬印度
]在美國和幾個歐洲殖民地發現了大量白銀，引起了1873年恐慌，從而導致白銀對黃金的價值下降，使印度的標準貨幣貶值。該事件被稱為“盧比貶值”。
開普殖民地
]在開普殖民地，恐慌導致破產、失業率上升、公共工程暫停，以及一直持續到 1886 年發現黃金的重大貿易衰退。
奧斯曼帝國
]奧斯曼帝國的經濟也受到了影響。對外貿易增長率下降，對外貿易條件惡化，小麥價格下跌影響了農民生產者，歐洲對奧斯曼財政的控制導致了海外巨額債務支付。長期蕭條時期農業和總產的增長率也低於後期。
拉丁貨幣同盟
]白銀的普遍非貨幣化和貶值導致拉丁貨幣同盟在1873年暫停將白銀轉換為硬幣。[來源請求]
參考
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來源
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- Davies, Hannah Catherine. "'Mingled in an almost inextricable confusion': the panics of 1873 and the experience of globalization." Journal of Global History 15.2 (2020): 291–309.
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|time=被忽略 (帮助) pp 227–76 - Manchester, William. The Arms of Krupp. 1968. ISBN 978-0-316-52940-2.
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. New York: Time-Life Books. 1973.
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- Wicker, Elmus. Banking panics of the gilded age (Cambridge University Press, 2006) contents
年鑑
]- Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia...for 1873 (1879)載於Google圖書
- Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia...for 1875 (1877)載於Google圖書
- Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia...for 1876 (1885)載於Google圖書
- Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia...for 1877 (1878)載於Google圖書
外部鏈接
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